The wavelength utilised renders the system suitable for plastics and glass. YAG laser ablates the TCO without damaging the underlying glass; this leads isolations without residual material piled up at the edges. This is important for perovskites due to the small thickness of the active layers (compared to DSC), as the piled up material can form shorting pathways. Machine includes: precision scribing, use of custom CAD files, and high speed operation.

· Use the YAG Laser Scribing Machine to remove the conductive oxide layer from glass substrates to produce a series connect substrate and to laser scribe and identify test cells and other products.